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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | loptə̑raŋam | om loptə̑raŋ |
| 2SG: | loptə̑raŋat | ot loptə̑raŋ |
| 3SG: | loptə̑raŋeš | ok/ogeš loptə̑raŋ |
| 1PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑na | ona/ogə̑na loptə̑raŋ |
| 2PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑da | oda/ogə̑da loptə̑raŋ |
| 3PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑t | ogə̑t loptə̑raŋ |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | loptə̑raŋə̑m | šə̑m loptə̑raŋ |
| 2SG: | loptə̑raŋə̑č́ | šə̑č́ loptə̑raŋ |
| 3SG: | loptə̑raŋe | ə̑š loptə̑raŋ |
| 1PL: | loptə̑raŋna | ə̑šna loptə̑raŋ |
| 2PL: | loptə̑raŋda | ə̑šda loptə̑raŋ |
| 3PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑č́ | ə̑št loptə̑raŋ |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | loptə̑raŋə̑nam | loptə̑raŋə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | loptə̑raŋə̑nat | loptə̑raŋə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | loptə̑raŋə̑n | loptə̑raŋə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑nna | loptə̑raŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑nda | loptə̑raŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑nə̑t | loptə̑raŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | loptə̑raŋam ə̑l'e | om loptə̑raŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | loptə̑raŋat ə̑l'e | ot loptə̑raŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | loptə̑raŋeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš loptə̑raŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na loptə̑raŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da loptə̑raŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t loptə̑raŋ ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | loptə̑raŋam ulmaš | om loptə̑raŋ ulmaš |
| 2SG: | loptə̑raŋat ulmaš | ot loptə̑raŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | loptə̑raŋeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš loptə̑raŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na loptə̑raŋ ulmaš |
| 2PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da loptə̑raŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t loptə̑raŋ ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | loptə̑raŋə̑nam ə̑l'e | loptə̑raŋə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | loptə̑raŋə̑nat ə̑l'e | loptə̑raŋə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | loptə̑raŋə̑n ə̑l'e | loptə̑raŋə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑nna ə̑l'e | loptə̑raŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑nda ə̑l'e | loptə̑raŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | loptə̑raŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | loptə̑raŋə̑nam ulmaš | loptə̑raŋə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | loptə̑raŋə̑nat ulmaš | loptə̑raŋə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | loptə̑raŋə̑n ulmaš | loptə̑raŋə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑nna ulmaš | loptə̑raŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑nda ulmaš | loptə̑raŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑nə̑t ulmaš | loptə̑raŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | loptə̑raŋ | it loptə̑raŋ |
| 3SG: | loptə̑raŋže | ə̑nže loptə̑raŋ |
| 1PL: | (loptə̑raŋə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na loptə̑raŋ) |
| 2PL: | loptə̑raŋza | ida loptə̑raŋ |
| 3PL: | loptə̑raŋə̑št | ə̑nə̑št loptə̑raŋ |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | loptə̑raŋnem | ə̑nem loptə̑raŋ |
| 2SG: | loptə̑raŋnet | ə̑net loptə̑raŋ |
| 3SG: | loptə̑raŋneže | ə̑než loptə̑raŋ |
| 1PL: | loptə̑raŋnena | ə̑nena loptə̑raŋ |
| 2PL: | loptə̑raŋneda | ə̑neda loptə̑raŋ |
| 3PL: | loptə̑raŋnešt | ə̑nešt loptə̑raŋ |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | loptə̑raŋnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem loptə̑raŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | loptə̑raŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net loptə̑raŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | loptə̑raŋneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než loptə̑raŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | loptə̑raŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena loptə̑raŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | loptə̑raŋneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda loptə̑raŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | loptə̑raŋnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt loptə̑raŋ ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | loptə̑raŋnet ulmaš | ə̑net loptə̑raŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | loptə̑raŋneže ulmaš | ə̑než loptə̑raŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | loptə̑raŋneda ulmaš | ə̑neda loptə̑raŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | loptə̑raŋnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt loptə̑raŋ ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | loptə̑raŋaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | loptə̑raŋman |
| Active participle: | loptə̑raŋše |
| Passive participle: | loptə̑raŋme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | loptə̑raŋšaš |
| Negative participle: | loptə̑raŋdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | loptə̑raŋə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | loptə̑raŋde |
| Gerund of prior action: | loptə̑raŋmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | loptə̑raŋmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | loptə̑raŋšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | loptə̑raŋmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | loptə̑raŋdə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||